What is HPV?
Genital papillomavirus infection is a sexually transmitted infection (IPP).The cause of papillomavirus infection is human papillomavirus (HPV).Human papillomavirus is a group of viruses that include about 100 different types of viruses.More than 30 types of HPV are sexually transmitted, and the genitals and male anus are infected.
Most infected people do not understand their own disease, have no clinical manifestations, and can recover spontaneously.
Some of these viruses are called "high carcinogenic risk viruses" and they can cause precancerous genital lesions.Recent studies have confirmed the main role of HPV in the development of cervical cancer.High risk of HPV also plays a role in vulvar cancer, vaginal and penis cancer in women.High-risk viruses include 16, 18, 31, 33, 35, 39, 45, 52, 53, 56, 58, 59, 68, 69 types of HPV cause 95-98% of cervical cancer cases.They cause an increase in abnormal cells, which is usually flat and almost invisible during examination compared to benign warts, which are caused by low-risk viruses -6,11 types.Benign anogenital warts appear 2 to 6 months after infection.Regarding the development of precancerous or cancerous changes associated with high risk transport of HPV, it has been over the years and is often spontaneously cured by HPV.
Infections are most common between 15 and 40 years old, affecting the same man and woman.By 50 years of life, about 80% of women will get HPV infection.
About 50-75% of sexually active people are infected with HPV throughout their lives, and in most cases, the infection does not cause disease and can be cured spontaneously.
About 90% of people with HIV also get HPV.
How to transmit HPV
Human papilloma infection is transmitted through sexual intercourse.Most infected people have no visible manifestations of the disease, so HPV carriers are not aware of their infection and can infect their sexual partners.Sometimes, infected mothers can infect newborns during delivery.This may lead to SO papillomatosis in the neonatal throat.
The signs of infection
Most infected people don’t know about this.HPV usually does not cause any manifestations on the skin and mucous membranes.Some people develop warts or precancerous changes occur on the cervix, vulva, anal area or on the penis.These changes rarely fall directly into cancer.From infection to severe dysplasia development, an average of 20 years.Since the infection period, most women have been cured spontaneously for 9 to 15 months.The main manifestations of papillomavirus infection are sexual warts or apical assistive tumors (caused by VPV 6 and 11) - molluscous formations on short legs, similar to colored cabbage or cocks with different locations (pillow head, penis, penis, penis, lips, lips, vagina, neck, uterus, anus).Sharp counseling tumoroids appear 2 to 6 months after infection.Visible dy tumors were detected during the examination.
Diagnose infection
Auxiliary diagnosis is performed based on the examination.The diagnosis of HPV high camphor risk and related changes is a more difficult task.The diagnosis of cervical cancer disease based on many people is based on cytologic analysis of smears (study under a microscope).However, it has many important disadvantages - complexity, low sensitivity and high frequencies of vague results.The U.S. FDA Commission (Pharmaceutical and Food Commission) uses polymerase chain reaction method-PCR approved HPV studies that can determine high risk of HPV for 13 HPV types.PCR for HPV is highly sensitive and easy to perform.The combined use of cytology studies and PCR tests can significantly improve the effectiveness of the diagnosis with increased sensitivity to 99-100%.Importantly, identification of high risk of HPV occurs early before the advent of precancerous mucosal changes.
It is recommended to conduct PCR studies on high-risk HPV:
- - As the main method, except for cytology in women over 30 years.
- - Solve doubtful results from cytology studies.
- - Patients receiving treatment for dysplasia or cancer.
- - In the first phase of diagnosis, countries/regions that have poorly performed for papillomavirus infection planning.
- - Check the men.
Can this disease be cured?
The diagnosis and treatment of STI should be performed under the conditions of a professional clinic - CVD, which has all the necessary means for a quick and accurate diagnosis.
There are no specific drugs for HPV today.There are many ways to remove pore groups, but since the virus remains in the human body, the disease can be restored again.Three months after treatment, it may recur in 25% of cases.When treating Condyl, sexual partners must be checked.However, the vast majority of sexual partners are infected with HPV and have no visible manifestations of the disease.
Treatment for precancerous diseases is the use of chemical, physical and other methods to change the structure of mucosa-affected areas, as well as the use of drugs that stimulate immunity.In the future, PCR must undergo annual cytology studies and HPV determination.
What is the connection between HPV and cervical cancer?
Only facts:
- High-risk papillomavirus is the main cause of cervical cancer.
- If the cervix is severely dysplasia (preparatory disease) and cancer, HPV is detected in almost 100% of cases.
- The identification of HPV and the risk of severe dysplasia increased by 250 times.
- Cervical cancer ranks first among the causes of mortality rates in developing countries.
- Cervical cancer is ranked second in breast cancer among women who die every year.
- In Russia, 12,300 women suffer from cervical cancer every year and more than 6,000 patients die every year.
- Over the past 10 years, the average age of patients has dropped from 58 to 55 years.
- In women under 29 years of age, the incidence rate increased by 2 times.
- The high risk of HPV is caused by cervical cancer in 100% of cases, 90% of anal cancer, vaginal and vulva-40%, penis-40% and oropharyngeal cancer in 12% of cases.
- It is expected that the American Cancer Society will suffer from aggressive cervical cancer in about 10,520 women and about 3,900 women will die of the disease.Most women with aggressive cervical cancer have not undergone proper HPV infection tests.
Prevent infection
The most reliable way to prevent sexual HPV infection is to avoid any sexual contact with other people.
Long-term sexual relationships with permanent partners do not give 100% guarantee of HPV infection.Without special tests, it is difficult to determine whether the sexual partner is currently infected.
Proper use of latex condoms reduces the risk of infection.
Any manifestations during urination, such as pain or unpleasant sensation, abnormal rash, discharge are signals to stop sexual contact and are immediately checked at a specialized clinic.If a person with STI discovers the patient, he must notify his sexual partner so that they also have a complete examination and appropriate treatment.This will reduce the risk of serious complications and prevent the possibility of reinfection.